{"id":716,"date":"2019-06-21T09:46:34","date_gmt":"2019-06-21T07:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/?p=716"},"modified":"2022-04-12T14:55:57","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T12:55:57","slug":"3-velke-chyby-investovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/3-velke-chyby-investovani\/","title":{"rendered":"3 velk\u00e9 chyby, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/87NHjcE4IQg?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;autoplay=1&amp;modestbranding=1\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159epis videa<\/h2>\n<p>Dnes se s v\u00e1mi chci pod\u011blit o 3 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 \u010dasto d\u011blaj\u00ed p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je budete zn\u00e1t, m\u016f\u017eete se jim vyhnout. A investov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et skute\u010dn\u011b dlouhodob\u00e9 a zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 zisky.<\/p>\n<p>Moje jm\u00e9no je Vladim\u00edr Fichtner a za t\u011bch 28 let, co investuji, a vid\u00edm jak lid\u00e9 investuj\u00ed kolem m\u011b, tak jsem vid\u011bl stovky chyb, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed se mohou ud\u011blat. Ale skute\u010dn\u011b 3 jsou ty nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>1. chyba &#8211; Bloud\u011bn\u00ed bez c\u00edle<\/h2>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno jsem se potkal s jedn\u00edm aj\u0165\u00e1kem, klukem, kter\u00e9mu je n\u011bco p\u0159es 40 let.<\/p>\n<p>A on \u0159\u00edkal: \u201e<em>Vladim\u00edre, j\u00e1 u\u017e m\u00e1m dneska 6 milion\u016f nainvestov\u00e1no. A v\u011bt\u0161inu m\u00e1m v akci\u00edch.<\/em>\u201d<br \/>\nJ\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m: \u201e<em>OK.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A bavili jsme se o tom, jestli je to dob\u0159e nebo \u0161patn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>A j\u00e1 jsem mu hned polo\u017eil dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: \u201e<em>No a kolik je v\u00e1\u0161 c\u00edl? Kolik vlastn\u011b pot\u0159ebujete?<\/em>\u201d<br \/>\nA on \u0159\u00edkal: \u201e<em>No to j\u00e1 nev\u00edm, to j\u00e1 moc nesleduju, prost\u011b uvid\u00edme.<\/em>\u201d<br \/>\nA j\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m: \u201e<em>Ale kdy\u017e nebudete v\u011bd\u011bt kam jdete, tak tak\u00e9 nebudete v\u011bd\u011bt jak ty investice p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat t\u00e9 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 situaci.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Nakonec jsme do\u0161li k tomu, \u017ee on bude pot\u0159ebovat jednoho dne n\u011bjak\u00fdch 15 &#8211; 17 milion\u016f korun, proto\u017ee chce rentu zhruba 45 &#8211; 50 tis\u00edc korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. J\u00e1 jsem mu \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a\u017e se k t\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stce bude p\u0159ibli\u017eovat, aby to portfolio za\u010dal tro\u0161ku m\u011bnit.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee u\u017e nem\u00e1 m\u00edt jenom akcie. M\u011bl by m\u00edt tro\u0161ku dal\u0161\u00ed instrumenty, m\u011bl by m\u00edt instrumenty investi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b vypl\u00e1c\u00ed rentu. To on si v\u016fbec neuv\u011bdomoval. A vlastn\u011b pot\u00e9 co jsme skon\u010dili, tak jsem si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee to je jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch chyb, kterou lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nev\u00ed, kam jdou. Kam sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A kdy\u017e nev\u00edte, kam jdete, kdy\u017e nev\u00edte, kolik na to budete pot\u0159ebovat pen\u011bz, tak jednak se v\u00e1m \u0161patn\u011b odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed stranou, proto\u017ee vlastn\u011b netu\u0161\u00edte, pro\u010d to d\u011bl\u00e1te.<\/p>\n<p>Ale druh\u00e1 v\u011bc. M\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt skute\u010dn\u011b velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 dopady na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bch investic v dob\u011b, kdy je budete pot\u0159ebovat. T\u0159eba u\u017e \u010derpat z nich rentu.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed se s investov\u00e1n\u00ed potk\u00e1 ve chv\u00edli, kdy si \u0159ekne: \u201e<em>Cht\u011bl bych vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat v\u00edc.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A ob\u010das se takov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk dostane i ke m\u011b a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mi: \u201e<em>Vladim\u00edre, j\u00e1 bych pot\u0159eboval v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos, nebo je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos ide\u00e1ln\u011b, a co nejmen\u0161\u00ed riziko.<\/em>\u201d A j\u00e1 v\u00edm, \u017ee to je nesplniteln\u00fd \u00fakol. Ale rovnou to tomu klientovi \u0159eknu.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu je spousta lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0159eknou: \u201e<em>No tak jo, n\u011bco vymysl\u00edme.<\/em>\u201d Prost\u011b ned\u00e1 se to splnit a ten \u010dlov\u011bk samoz\u0159ejm\u011b odejde nespokojen\u00fd. Jednoho dne si uv\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee to nebylo napln\u011bno. A \u0159ekne, \u017ee to bylo \u0161patn\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed. Nebo ten bank\u00e9\u0159 mi \u0161patn\u011b poradil.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se za\u010dnou zaj\u00edmat o investov\u00e1n\u00ed se o n\u011bj za\u010dnou zaj\u00edmat kv\u016fli zisk\u016fm. Ale zisky jsou pom\u011brn\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost. A nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u011b kotva, kter\u00e9 se \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee chytnout.<\/p>\n<p>A mnoz\u00ed experti na byznys a stav\u011bn\u00ed byznysu a stav\u011bn\u00ed osobnosti tak, aby n\u011bco dok\u00e1zala, tak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201e<em>Mus\u00edte m\u00edt jasn\u00fd c\u00edl. Pokud mo\u017eno co nejhmatateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokud mo\u017eno co nejv\u00edc specifick\u00fd.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A v investov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, se kter\u00fdma j\u00e1 jsem se potkal, m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd c\u00edl. Ale neum\u00ed ho \u00fapln\u011b si \u0159\u00edct.<\/p>\n<p>A ten jasn\u00fd c\u00edl je jednoduch\u00fd. Chci n\u011bjakou rentu za n\u011bjakou dobu. 20 tis\u00edc, 50 tis\u00edc, 100 tis\u00edc m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Za 5, za 10, za 15 let. A to u\u017e je skv\u011bl\u00fd c\u00edl, podle kter\u00e9ho d\u00e1 za\u010d\u00edt investovat.<\/p>\n<p>A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee kdy\u017e nem\u00e1te ten konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed hmatateln\u00fd c\u00edl, tak se to m\u016f\u017ee projevit i v druh\u00e9 \u010dast\u00e9 chyb\u011b, kterou lid\u00e9 p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>2. chyba &#8211; Pod vlivem emoc\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>A to je to, \u017ee si neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee investov\u00e1n\u00ed bude velmi intenzivn\u011b spojeno s emocemi. Probl\u00e9m t\u011bch emoc\u00ed je v tom, \u017ee oni se daj\u00ed jednodu\u0161e vyu\u017e\u00edt proti v\u00e1m. Pokud m\u00e1te proti sob\u011b n\u011bkoho, kdo ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 tro\u0161ku psychologie.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si situaci, kterou jsem v\u010dera za\u017eil. P\u0159i\u0161el jeden z na\u0161ich klient\u016f, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fdch 100 milion\u016f korun.<\/p>\n<p>A za\u010dal tu na\u0161i sch\u016fzku t\u00edm, \u017ee \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201e<em>Vladim\u00edre te\u010fko ty nemovitostn\u00ed fondy, to je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 v\u011bc.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A pokud bych byl ne \u00fapln\u011b korektn\u00ed, pokud bych necht\u011bl d\u011blat s t\u00edmto klientem dlouhodob\u00fd byznys, ale cht\u011bl bych sebrat \u010d\u00e1st toho majetku pro to, abych splnil sv\u016fj byznys c\u00edl, tak co bych ud\u011blal?<\/p>\n<p>Vyu\u017eil bych ty jeho emoce a to jeho emo\u010dn\u00ed nalad\u011bn\u00ed proti n\u011bmu.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158ekl bych: \u201e<em>Mil\u00fd pane kliente, j\u00e1 m\u00e1m pro v\u00e1s dobrou zpr\u00e1vu. J\u00e1 jsem o t\u011bch nemovitostn\u00edch v\u011bcech zrovna p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel, v\u010dera jsem je diskutoval s na\u0161imi odborn\u00edky a mohu v\u00e1m \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee t\u011bch 5 milion\u016f od v\u00e1s by tam bylo skv\u011bl\u00fdch, kdyby se tam zainvestovalo.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Na m\u00edsto toho j\u00e1 jsem \u0159ekl: \u201e<em>No, pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na to, nemovitosti pat\u0159\u00ed do portfolia tak\u00e9, ale ty nemovitostn\u00ed fondy maj\u00ed sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed a \u00faskal\u00ed. Ud\u011bl\u00e1me k tomu podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu, zv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme v\u0161echna pro a proti a to, \u017ee jste to vid\u011bl v novin\u00e1ch, je sp\u00ed\u0161 d\u016fsledkem toho, \u017ee to je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee n\u00e1m to asi nevyjde. Ale prozkoum\u00e1me to, abychom m\u011bli jistotu, \u017ee ud\u011bl\u00e1me v\u0161echno pro to, abychom to jako investici spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyhodnotili.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Tou chybou je tedy to, \u017ee se nech\u00e1te pohltit emocemi.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tou emoc\u00ed je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/emoce-v-investovani\/\"><strong>chamtivost<\/strong><\/a>. Prost\u011b \u010detl jsem n\u011bco popul\u00e1rn\u00edho, mohl bych na tom vyd\u011blat, u\u017e je ten sk\u0159\u00edtek chamtivosti mezi n\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161inou to, co je popul\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nejlep\u0161\u00ed za sebou. A je pot\u0159eba se d\u00edvat na tro\u0161ku n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b to funguje, kdy\u017e je ta emoce s t\u00edm negativn\u00edm znam\u00e9nkem. Kdy\u017e je to o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/emoce-v-investovani\/\"><strong>strachu<\/strong><\/a>. Kdy\u017e za\u010dnou akciov\u00e9 trhy padat, mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed strach co bude d\u00e1l. A vyskakuj\u00ed z toho trhu.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00edsto toho, aby kdy\u017e je n\u011bco ve slev\u011b, kdy\u017e jsou nejlep\u0161\u00ed firmy sv\u011bta ve slev\u011b, aby si je nakupovali.<\/p>\n<p>Ale ta emoce jim zast\u00edn\u00ed mysl a d\u00edky tomu nevyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed tolik pen\u011bz, jak by mohli.<\/p>\n<p>Co to znamen\u00e1?<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 statistiky pod\u00edln\u00edk\u016f fond\u016f, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pod\u00edln\u00edci t\u011bch dan\u00fdch fond\u016f vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed o t\u0159etinu a\u017e polovinu m\u00e9n\u011b pen\u011bz ne\u017e ten samotn\u00fd fond.<\/p>\n<p>Co\u017e si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e1 nesmysl. Ne \u00fapln\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee ten fond se n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem vyv\u00edj\u00ed, ale ten pod\u00edln\u00edk do n\u011bj naskakuje a vyskakuje \u010dasto podle emoc\u00ed. Naskakuje, kdy\u017e jsou emoce naho\u0159e a v\u0161echno je pozitivn\u00ed. Ale ceny jsou vysoko. A vyskakuje, nebo redukuje svoje pozice, kdy\u017e jsou ceny dole. A d\u00edky tomu vyd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e ten samotn\u00fd fond.<\/p>\n<p>To je velk\u00e1 chyba a druh\u00e1 velk\u00e1 chyba, na kterou je pot\u0159eba si d\u00e1t p\u0159i investov\u00e1n\u00ed pozor.<\/p>\n<h2>3. chyba &#8211; Produkty na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>K t\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed chyb\u011b. V\u017edycky, kdy\u017e se potk\u00e1m s n\u011bjak\u00fdm nov\u00fdm klientem, a on mi p\u0159inese v\u00fdpis sv\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00fdch investic, tak ji tam velmi \u010dasto najdu.<\/p>\n<p>Jak\u00e1 je to chyba?<\/p>\n<p>No kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1m na to portfolio, pod\u00edv\u00e1m se na ty jednotliv\u00e9 pozice, p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm o tom jak asi vzniklo, respektive jakou to m\u00e1 za sebou logiku. Zjist\u00edm, \u017ee to logiku nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou.<\/p>\n<p>\u017de to je jako kdy\u017e pejsek s ko\u010di\u010dkou va\u0159ili dort. Pejsek m\u00e1 r\u00e1d bu\u0159ty, ko\u010di\u010dka my\u0161i, n\u011bkdo z nich kysel\u00e9 okurky&#8230; A tak d\u00e1le, a tak d\u00e1le. Asi v\u00edte, jak to dopadlo. Ne \u00fapln\u011b dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Ten probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed v t\u011bch jednotliv\u00fdch produktech, ale v tom, \u017ee nad nimi nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 strategie. \u017de to nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla, \u017ee nikdo se nezamyslel na t\u00edm, pro\u010d to d\u011bl\u00e1m. Za jak dlouho budu pen\u00edze pot\u0159ebovat. Jak\u00e1 alokace se mi hod\u00ed. Jak\u00e1 diverzifikace. A tak d\u00e1le, a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee produkty ve skute\u010dnosti do toho portfolia je pot\u0159eba d\u00e1t a\u017e na konci. Kdy\u017e u\u017e v\u00edm co chci. A ne na za\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n<p>To je jako kdybyste si \u0159ekli, \u017ee postav\u00edte d\u016fm a jako prvn\u00ed, je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e si vyberete pozemek, typ domu, jak bude velk\u00fd a kde bude, tak byste jeli do Hornbachu si koupit dla\u017edi\u010dky do koupelny. Prost\u011b tak se to ned\u011bl\u00e1 ani p\u0159i stavb\u011b domu, ani p\u0159i stavb\u011b portfolia.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee tou t\u0159et\u00ed velkou chybou je soust\u0159edit se na produkty d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e m\u00e1te n\u011bjakou logiku nad t\u00edm postavenou, n\u011bjak\u00fd pl\u00e1n, kter\u00fd by v\u00e1m m\u011bl \u0159\u00edct, co vlastn\u011b m\u00e1te d\u011blat.<\/p>\n<h2>Selsk\u00fd rozum<\/h2>\n<p>Bavili jsme se o t\u0159ech chyb\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 mnoho lid\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1, kdy\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 investovat, nebo kdy\u017e investuje. A z t\u011bch vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 j\u00e1 jsem v\u00e1m \u0159ekl tak douf\u00e1m, \u017ee vid\u00edte, \u017ee investov\u00e1n\u00ed<br \/>\na p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed o n\u011bm nen\u00ed o ni\u010dem sofistikovan\u00e9m. Nen\u00ed to atomov\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna. Je to selsk\u00fd rozum, kter\u00fd jenom zapoj\u00edte t\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p>A\u017e budete p\u0159ipraveni pop\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o sv\u00fdch pen\u011bz\u00edch, pop\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o tom jak t\u0159eba investovat, tak aby to d\u00e1valo dlouhodob\u011b rozumn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, a m\u011bli jste z investov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b radost, tak se m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat t\u0159eba na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/trenink\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=chyby\">tr\u00e9nink InvestGuru.cz<\/a>, kde se o investov\u00e1n\u00ed a tipech jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b investovat bav\u00edme do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hloubky.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b m\u011b ale zaj\u00edm\u00e1, co si o investov\u00e1n\u00ed a chyb\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch s investov\u00e1n\u00edm mysl\u00edte vy.<\/p>\n<h3>Mysl\u00edte, \u017ee ty 3 chyby, kter\u00e9 jsem pr\u00e1v\u011b popsal, jsou ty nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? Nebo jste potkali n\u011bkter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u011bjte se hezky a investujte sv\u016fj \u010das, energii a pen\u00edze s rozvahou a dlouhodob\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 chyby v investov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou pom\u011brn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, ale je pot\u0159eba se jim vyhnout, abyste z\u00edskali ze sv\u00fdch pen\u011bz co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.2 - 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