{"id":1048,"date":"2021-07-27T10:28:52","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T08:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/?p=1048"},"modified":"2022-04-13T16:58:18","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T14:58:18","slug":"zvolit-investicni-styl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.investguru.cz\/cs\/zvolit-investicni-styl\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fd zvolit investi\u010dn\u00ed styl? V podstat\u011b jsou jen 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nadan\u00e9 lidi najdete v ka\u017ed\u00e9 oblasti \u017eivota. A investice pochopiteln\u011b nejsou v\u00fdjimkou.<\/p>\n

Velc\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Warren Buffet, John Templeton, Peter Lynch (Fidelity) a John B. Neff (Vanguard Windsor Fund) prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m intervalu porazit akciov\u00fd trh.<\/p>\n

Tyto investi\u010dn\u00ed hv\u011bzdy maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b v\u011bci:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Maj\u00ed jasnou a dob\u0159e formulovanou strategii, jak budou s pen\u011bzi pracovat.<\/li>\n
  2. Jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee se sv\u00e9 filozofie budou dr\u017eet v dobr\u00fdch i zl\u00fdch \u010dasech.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Tito dnes ji\u017e slavn\u00ed investo\u0159i na\u0161li zp\u016fsob, jak prohl\u00e9dnout skrz medi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161um, emoce na trhu a konven\u010dn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed, aby na\u0161li skute\u010dn\u011b dobr\u00e9 investice. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se stali slavn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

    V\u011b\u0159ili ve sv\u016fj \u00fasudek a dodr\u017eovali discipl\u00ednu, bez ohledu na to, co se \u0159\u00edkalo v m\u00e9di\u00edch nebo dokonce, co signalizoval trh jako takov\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Tato d\u016fslednost je kone\u010dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm jejich \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n

    Kdy\u017e \u201ezaru\u010den\u00fd\u201c recept nefunguje<\/h2>\n

    Na druhou stranu je vid\u011bt, \u017ee se sv\u00fdch princip\u016f dr\u017eeli i v dob\u011b, kdy prost\u011b a jednodu\u0161e nefungovaly.<\/p>\n

    M\u00e9dia a investi\u010dn\u00ed amat\u00e9\u0159i se tomu vysm\u00edvaj\u00ed a \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee \u201enerozum\u00ed nov\u00e9 dob\u011b\u201c. P\u0159itom to je tak, \u017ee prost\u011b jen v ur\u010dit\u00e9m obdob\u00ed trh znev\u00fdhod\u0148uje ten dan\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Podobn\u011b jako ho jindy zv\u00fdhod\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

    Finan\u010dn\u00ed trhy nejsou automatem, kter\u00fd se pohybuje podle pravideln\u00fdch, p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch vzorc\u016f. Naopak. Jedin\u00e9, co je p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9, je nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost trh\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Je to neust\u00e1le se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed mozaika, na kterou je mo\u017en\u00e9 se d\u00edvat z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f pohledu. A pokud jeden pohled zafunguje v\u00fdrazn\u011b l\u00e9pe, tak se o n\u011bm ostatn\u00ed dozv\u00ed a velmi rychle takovou v\u00fdhodu ztrat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Zku\u0161en\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed mana\u017ee\u0159i v\u011bd\u00ed, jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dr\u017eet jeden zvolen\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Zcela ur\u010dit\u011b p\u0159ijdou chv\u00edle, kter\u00e9 je budou pokou\u0161et. A oni nesm\u00ed podlehnout.<\/p>\n

    Zat\u00edmco je kone\u010dn\u00e1 filozofie investov\u00e1n\u00ed v mnoha ohledech jin\u00e1, d\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee v\u017edy vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch investi\u010dn\u00edch styl\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 klady a negativa.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. R\u016fstov\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n
    2. Hodnotov\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      R\u016fstov\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

      R\u016fstov\u00fd investor se zam\u011b\u0159uje na budoucnost. Hled\u00e1 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady pro expanzi a ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed trhu.<\/p>\n

      \u010casto jsou to vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, o kter\u00fdch se p\u00ed\u0161e v novin\u00e1ch a diskutuje v odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch oborech. Jsou to spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 rostou i o des\u00edtky procent ro\u010dn\u011b. Hodnota jejich akci\u00ed pochopiteln\u011b tak\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee v cen\u011b r\u016fstov\u00e9 akcie jsou obvykle zapo\u010dtena velk\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, a tak mohou velmi rychle poklesnout, pokud se tato o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nenapln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      R\u016fstov\u00ed investo\u0159i dosahuj\u00ed velk\u00fdch zisk\u016f, kdy\u017e firmy rostou. Ale tak\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, pokud se firm\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Naproti tomu…<\/p>\n

      Hodnotov\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n

      Hodnotov\u00ed investo\u0159i up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 mohou koupit za cenu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je jejich aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota.<\/p>\n

      Hledaj\u00ed firmy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed skryt\u00e1 aktiva nebo jsou ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, kter\u00e9 nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b sexy.<\/p>\n

      Hodnotov\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdhodu omezen\u00e9ho poklesu. Tzn., \u017ee akcie firem jsou tak n\u00edzko, \u017ee by d\u00e1l klesaly, i kdyby trh jako celek d\u00e1l klesal.<\/p>\n

      Nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee si investor bude muset na svou odm\u011bnu po\u010dkat. M\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ed n\u00edm b\u00fdt i pom\u011brn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, ne\u017e si trh uv\u011bdom\u00ed hodnotu, kterou vid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Kdy\u017e trhy dosahuj\u00ed nov\u00fdch maxim, tak hodnotov\u00ed investo\u0159i neza\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed euforii jako r\u016fstov\u00ed investo\u0159i, ale na druhou stranu v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch \u010dasech se jim da\u0159\u00ed mnohem l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n

      Dilema dvou styl\u016f<\/h2>\n

      Zast\u00e1nci jednoho stylu se sna\u017e\u00ed dok\u00e1zat zast\u00e1nc\u016fm druh\u00e9ho, \u017ee ten jejich mil\u00e1\u010dek je lep\u0161\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9ho investora by v\u0161ak m\u011blo zaj\u00edmat, \u017ee…<\/p>\n

      Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho pohledu nem\u00e1 ani jeden z t\u011bchto investi\u010dn\u00edch styl\u016f jasnou v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n

      Kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b ano. N\u011bkdy funguje jeden styl, jindy druh\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad…<\/p>\n

      R\u016fstov\u00e9 firmy maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon, kdy\u017e \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby klesaj\u00ed a firemn\u00ed zisky rostou. Ale jako prvn\u00ed je zas\u00e1hne ochlazen\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/p>\n

      Hodnotov\u00fdm firm\u00e1m se velmi dob\u0159e da\u0159\u00ed v dob\u011b ekonomick\u00e9ho o\u017eiven\u00ed, ale v del\u0161\u00edm b\u00fd\u010d\u00edm trhu naopak zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Zdroj: ChartSource\u00ae, DST Retirement Solutions, LLC, an SS&C company. Obdob\u00ed 1. 1. 1990 do 31. 12. 2019. R\u016fstov\u00e9 tituly reprezentuje S&P 500\/BARRA Growth index a S&P 500\/Citi Growth index. Hodnotov\u00e9 tituly reprezentuje S&P 500\/BARRA Value index a S&P 500\/Citi Value index.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Investi\u010dn\u00ed styl v nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n

      Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed styl, kter\u00e9mu by se da\u0159ilo neust\u00e1le. (Pokud o n\u011bm v\u00edte, napi\u0161te do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f.) M\u016f\u017ee trvat i n\u011bkolik let, ne\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed podm\u00ednky a v\u00e1hy se zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Kdy\u017e se ohl\u00e9dneme do minulosti, tak m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit, \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00fdch obdob\u00edch m\u011bl navrch r\u016fstov\u00fd a v jin\u00fdch hodnotov\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed styl. \u010casto se jedn\u00e1 o protich\u016fdn\u00e9 cykly. Jen\u017ee to je historie.<\/p>\n

      Podstatn\u00e9 je uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat, jak\u00fd styl bude fungovat v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00fddnech, m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch a letech.<\/p>\n

      Styl obvykle ur\u010duje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd v\u00fdnos<\/h2>\n

      Existuje velmi siln\u00e9 propojen\u00ed mezi stylem a kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdmi v\u00fdnosy. Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijde takov\u00fd trh, kter\u00fd vyhovuje dan\u00e9mu investi\u010dn\u00edmu stylu, bude se da\u0159it t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161em investor\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed investuj\u00ed podle toho stylu. N\u011bkter\u00fdm l\u00e9pe, n\u011bkter\u00fdm h\u016f\u0159e, ale v\u0161em relativn\u011b dob\u0159e – viz Gaussova k\u0159ivka.<\/p>\n

      Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijde trh, kter\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00fd styl znev\u00fdhod\u0148uje, tak budou naopak trp\u011bt prakticky v\u0161ichni investo\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed investuj\u00ed podle takov\u00e9ho stylu.<\/p>\n

      Kdy\u017e naraz\u00edte na velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi v\u00fdkonem trhu a v\u00fdkonem jednotlivce nebo investi\u010dn\u00edho mana\u017eera, tak je za t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161inou spr\u00e1vn\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00ed styl ve spr\u00e1vnou dobu.<\/p>\n

      Proto\u017ee investi\u010dn\u00ed styl dok\u00e1\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdnos a nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed ani tak na tom, kdo se o pen\u00edze star\u00e1, d\u00e1v\u00e1 daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smysl v\u011bnovat pozornost tomu, jak\u00fd styl zvol\u00edte. Je to pom\u011brn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed investora.<\/p>\n

      Jak\u00fd styl si tedy vybrat?<\/h2>\n

      Na takov\u00e9 dilema neexistuje spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 nebo \u0161patn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, v \u010dem se budete c\u00edtit l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n

      N\u011bkomu vad\u00ed velk\u00e1 kol\u00edsavost r\u016fstov\u00fdch firem. Jin\u00fd nem\u00e1 trp\u011blivost \u010dekat dlouh\u00e9 roky, ne\u017e se n\u011bco stane a firma vyroste o v\u00edce jak p\u00e1r procent.<\/p>\n

      Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b, a\u0165 si vyberete jak\u00fdkoliv jeden ur\u010dit\u00fd styl, tak za\u017eijete dobr\u00e9 \u010dasy, ale i \u010dasy zl\u00e9. To je nevyhnuteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      Spol\u00e9hat na to, \u017ee zrovna vy (ze 7 miliard lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b) opakovan\u011b pozn\u00e1te chv\u00edli, kdy je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit styl, je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm naivn\u00ed. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud \u010dtete tento \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n

      Volba jednoho investi\u010dn\u00edho stylu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee budou obdob\u00ed, kdy se bude da\u0159it a tak\u00e9 p\u0159ijdou dlouh\u00e1 obdob\u00ed, kdy se da\u0159it nebude. Vy se v\u0161ak nesm\u00edte vzd\u00e1t, proto\u017ee nev\u00edte, kdy p\u0159ijde obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude odpov\u00eddat v\u00e1mi zvolen\u00e9mu stylu.<\/p>\n

      Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed z rozhodovac\u00ed paral\u00fdzy existuje cesta ven…<\/p>\n

      Diverzifikujte investi\u010dn\u00ed styly<\/h2>\n

      Za\u0159a\u010fte do sv\u00e9ho portfolia oba investi\u010dn\u00ed styly – r\u016fstov\u00fd i hodnotov\u00fd. Sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte tak riziko a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte stabilitu v\u00fdnos\u016f.<\/p>\n

      Obrovsk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed fondy v sob\u011b maj\u00ed klidn\u011b i 20 r\u016fzn\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch styl\u016f.<\/p>\n

      To pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho investora nen\u00ed moc praktick\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 diverzifikace s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i celou \u0159adu jin\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Jako jsou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159ehlednost a nerespektov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch investi\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n

      Cht\u011bli bychom upozornit tak\u00e9 na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kdy si \u010dlov\u011bk v z\u00e1jmu ochrany sice koup\u00ed v\u00edce investi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, ale ve fin\u00e1le s podobn\u00fdm investi\u010dn\u00edm stylem. To nen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e1 diverzifikace, ale jen iluze diverzifikace a m\u016f\u017eete na ni doplatit.<\/p>\n

      Pro investory, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky a stovky milion\u016f korun, m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1vat smysl rozd\u011blit portfolio mezi n\u011bkolik investi\u010dn\u00edch mana\u017eer\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstupy a pohledem shora sledovat v\u00fdvoj jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed portfolia.<\/p>\n

      P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte nad sv\u00fdm stylem<\/h2>\n

      Neexistuje ide\u00e1ln\u00ed styl. Ani jejich kombinace podle n\u011bjak\u00e9 studie nebo statistiky. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je styl, kter\u00fd vyhovuje pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00e1m a dok\u00e1\u017eete s n\u00edm pro\u017e\u00edt to dobr\u00e9 i to zl\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      A\u0165 u\u017e zvol\u00edte jak\u00fdkoliv styl, v\u011bzte, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 dobr\u00e1 i \u0161patn\u00e1 obdob\u00ed. Neo\u010dek\u00e1vejte, \u017ee jeden investi\u010dn\u00ed styl bude platit v\u017edy. D\u00edky tomu se vyhnete radik\u00e1ln\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve sv\u00e9m portfoliu a sp\u00ed\u0161e dos\u00e1hnete sv\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      R\u016fstov\u00e9 a hodnotov\u00e9 investov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody i nev\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nJak\u00fd zvolit investi\u010dn\u00ed styl? 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